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Mu Mu Sein Myint; Aye Than; Aye Aye Thein; Win Win Maw; Kyi Kyi Myint; San San Myint order generic actonel canada treatment 20 initiative. Eight Myanmar medicinal plants which are reputed for use in the treatment of urinary ailments and which had never been tested before were selected cheap 35 mg actonel medications 1800. Out of eight plants tested five plants were found to have diuretic activity in albino rats purchase actonel 35 mg fast delivery medicine ball chair. Screening of five Myanmar medicinal plants for hypoglycemic activity on rabbit model. May Aye Than; Mu Mu Sein Myint; Aye Than; Mar Lar Than; Kyi Kyi Myint; San San Myint; Thazin Myint; Win Win Maw; Wai Lwin Oo. The aim of this study was to reveal scientific proof on hypoglycemic properties of reputed Myanmar medicinal plants, usually claimed to be effective for diabetes mellitus in Myanmar traditional medicine system. A complete cross-over experimental study of hypoglycemic activity was tested on glucose-loaded hyperglycemic rabbit model. The blood glucose levels were determined at 0, 2, 3, 4 hours after administration of extracts and powder of plants. Among the plants tested, only Pe-natha-seet was observed that the blood glucose level of glucose loaded control group were 238. It was found that the Pe-natha-seet powder only significantly lowered the blood glucose levels at 2hr (p <0. Ye Htut; Kyin Hla Aye; San San Htwe; Myint Lwin; Myint Oo; Win Myint; Tin Ko Ko Oo; Khin Myo Aye; Ni Ni. With the aim of exhibiting scientific proof for their antimalaria activity, some medicinal plants namely Artemisia annua (Daw-na-shwe-war), Coptis teeta (Khan- tauk-myit), Brucea javanica (Ya-dan-se), Swertia chirata Buch-Ham, (Say-khar-gyi), Aristolochia bracteata (Nga-phone-say) and Andrographis paniculata (Nga-yoke- khar) were screened using both in vitro drug testing and in vivo experimental mouse model systems. Among the medicinal plants tested, only petroleum ether extract of Artemisia annua (Daw-na-shwe-war) showed therapeutic effect on malaria in both systems. The importance of requirements for screening system as well as the nature of traditional medicines tested were discussed. However, the larvicidal activities of these compounds were much lower than that of synthetic larvicide (Abate). Ethanolic extract of Spilanthes acmella in mice had no sign of toxicity at 10g/kg dose and can be safely used as larvicide that has no harmful effect to mammalian. The maximum giving dose for ethanolic extract of Melia azedarach in mice was 8 g/kg within survival period for 7 days to be looked forward. At a dose of 10g/kg, one out of three mice was found to be dead and therefore, care must be taken if bark of Melia azedarach is used as larvicide. Screening of six Myanmar medicinal plants for hypoglycemic activity on rabbit model. May Aye Than; Mu Mu Sein Myint; Aye Than; Mar Lar Than; Kyi Kyi Myint; San San Myint; Thazin Myint. Myanmar has a rich tradition in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to reveal scientific proof on hypoglycemic properties of reputed Myanmar medicinal plants, usually claimed to be effective for diabetes mellitus in Myanmar traditional medicine system.

Plantago major Linn purchase on line actonel medicine vs medication, (Ahkyaw-baung-tahtaung) is a readily avaiable and affordable plant compound with reputed healing activities and with documented anti-ulcerogenic properties safe 35mg actonel symptoms 9dp5dt. In the initial (7) days order discount actonel medications given to newborns, they also received Amoxicillin (1000mg) twice a day and Tinidazole (500mg) twice a day. Histological examination of the gastric biopsies for gastritis severity and biopsy urease testing and 14C breath test for the presence of H. The study was carried out to fulfill the pre-clinical study on diabetic patients, preliminary experiment on acute toxicity and sub acute toxicity of traditional antihyperglycemic medicinal plants (yJeHãomaph) was mandatary. At the end of (14) weeks, all the rats were sacrifed and blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical studies. Haematological parameters and biochemical data were not siginificant difference from control group. Histopathological results of tested groups showed not significant difference from control group. Preliminary experiment on acute toxicity and sub-acute toxicity of traditional antihyperglycemic medicinal plants (yef;cg;) was mandatory. At the end of 3 months, all the rats were sacrificed humanly and blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical studies and sent to Experimental Medicine Research Division for liver function tests and blood urea and Blood Research Division for complete picture, platelet count. The internal organs were sent to Pathology Research Division for histological studies. The histological and biochemical, heamatological parameters of the control group and two test groups are not significantly different. Pre-clinical sub-acute toxicity testing of antihypertensive medicinal plant (Shan-myinkhwa) (7Srf;-rif;cGg). The study was carried out to fulfill the pre-clinical study on hypertensive patients. Preliminary experiment on acute toxicity and sub-acute toxicity of traditional antihypertensive medicinal plants was mandatory. At the end of 3 months, all the rats were sacrificed humanly and blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical studies and sent to Experimental Medicine Research Division for liver function tests and blood urea and Blood Research Division for complete picture, platelet count. The internal organs were sent to Pathology Research Division for histological studies. Preliminary dose finding study of Swietenia macrophylla seed was done on seven maturity onset diabetic patients. The patients were tested for oral glucose tolerance test for base line examination 3 days after withdrawal of all antidiabetic drugs. On next day, after fasting blood sample was collected, the 3 dose was given and oral glucose tolerance test was done. After 2 days washout period one group was given 1g/day dose and the second group was administered with 1. It was observed that dyspepsia, anorexia, nausea and vomiting were due to its bitterness at high doses and the compliance of the test seed was not good because of its side effects and 2 patients tested with high doses, were dropped out from the study. Hot aqueous extracts of medicinal plants were tested for their inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase to detect biologically active compounds present there in using nuclear-based techniques.

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The incisions heal rapidly and may need to be opened Tracheal/Syringeal Obstruction periodically order actonel 35mg mastercard alternative medicine. When therapy is no longer indicated generic actonel 35 mg without a prescription medicine 627, the 9 generic actonel 35 mg line medicine 014,19 Seed or other foreign body aspiration, fungal trephination sites heal with minimal scarring. Some birds present with no premoni- This condition is thought to occur secondary to trauma, tory signs, while others have a history of voice change but the location of leakage of air into the subcutaneous and a more gradual onset of dyspnea. Generalized subcu- taneous emphysema usually occurs in small birds, Therapy depends upon the size of the patient and the while in larger species the emphysema is generally configuration of the trachea. A birds such as swans and cranes is coiled and encased procedure for surgically implanting a cutaneous stent within the sternum, making retrieval of distal tra- at the poll of the head to allow the air to escape (in a cheal foreign bodies extremely difficult (see Figure location where the bird cannot remove the device) has 12. In a that allows the skin to be placed under its edge to Sarus Crane, a 22 ga spinal needle was passed trans- prevent the dermis from closing over the opening, is versely through the trachea to prevent a kernel of used for the procedure. Sutures are pre-placed through generally cartilaginous, although calcified rings have the four pairs of holes in the flange of the stent such been reported in adult Amazon parrots and adult that the suture enters one hole from the external 19 40 cranes. Once all four sutures are cartilage) may be present, providing an additional placed, the stent is implanted. Place- moval of tracheal or syringeal foreign bodies (Figure ment of an air sac cannula will allow the patient to 41. The patient is positioned in dorsal recumbency ventilate through an alternate airway until the ob- on a surgical restraint board. It may be beneficial to in the esophagus to allow for its easy identification to place the bird in an oxygen-enriched environment prevent iatrogenic trauma. The skin is incised from prior to manipulating the patient for placement of the right clavicular/sternal junction to the clavicu- the air sac cannula. The skin is elevated from the crop, and the right lateral aspect In small birds (cockatiels and smaller), the tracheal of the crop is gently dissected from surrounding tis- diameter (approximately 1. Major blood vessels are easily avoided using cludes use of an endoscope to retrieve a foreign body blunt dissection. If the obstruction is the result of a vicular attachments, it should be reflected to the granuloma or inspissated cells and mucus, a suction right. The trachea is identified by its complete carti- tube (urinary catheter) slightly smaller than the di- lage rings. The sternotracheal muscles are identified ameter of the trachea may be utilized to remove traversing obliquely to their caudolateral attach- material from the trachea and syrinx (see Chapter ments, and both sets of sternotracheal muscles are 22). A large blood vessel between the muscle cannula, the trachea may be occluded with the suc- bellies should be coagulated prior to transection of tion tube without compromising respiration. A small canine vaginal speculum may squamous metaplasia secondary to hypovitaminosis aid in visualization. A is suspected, dietary modification and vitamin A supplementation should be instituted. The restraint board should be elevated In medium to large birds, a rigid or flexible endoscope at the cranial end such that the operating microscope can be used to evaluate the cause of an obstruction can be used to visualize the structures deep in the and potentially aid in its removal. It may take some time and patience to endoscope may allow visualization of the object, but achieve proper positioning and focus, but this tech- the tracheal diameter may be too small to use a wire nique allows the surgeon to visualize critical structures basket or grasping forceps to remove the object.

Large post- mortem clots may have a “chicken fat” appearance overlying a dark “cur- rant jelly” base actonel 35 mg fast delivery medicine tramadol. These thromboemboli 35mg actonel with amex medicine prices, most of which origi- nate in the deep veins of the lower extremities order generic actonel canada medications or therapy, may embolize to the lungs. The majority of small pulmonary emboli do no harm, but, if they are large enough, they may occlude the bifurcation of the pulmonary arteries (sad- dle embolus), causing sudden death. Arterial emboli most commonly orig- inate within the heart on abnormal valves (vegetations) or mural thrombi following myocardial infarctions. If there is a patent foramen ovale, a venous embolus may cross over through the heart to the arterial circula- tion, producing an arterial (paradoxical) embolus. Types of nonthrombotic emboli include fat emboli, air emboli, and amniotic fluid emboli. Fat emboli, which result from severe trauma and fractures of long bones, can be fatal as they can damage the endothelial cells and pneumocytes within the lungs. Air emboli are seen in decom- pression sickness, called caisson disease or the bends, while amniotic fluid emboli are related to the rupture of uterine venous sinuses as a complica- tion of childbirth. They can be classified on the basis of their color into either red or white infarcts, or by the presence or absence of bacterial contamination into either septic or bland infarcts. White infarcts, also referred to as pale or anemic infarcts, are usually the 112 Pathology result of arterial occlusion. Red or hemorrhagic infarcts, in contrast, may result from either arterial or venous occlusion. They occur in organs with a dual blood supply, such as the lung, or in organs with extensive collateral circulation, such as the small intestine and brain. These infarcts are hem- orrhagic because there is bleeding into the necrotic area from the adjacent arteries and veins that remain patent. Hemorrhagic infarcts also occur in organs in which the venous outflow is obstructed (venous occlusion). In the latter, twist- ing of the spermatic cord occludes the venous outflow, but the arterial inflow remains patent because these arterial blood vessels have much thicker walls. Testicular torsion is usually the result of physical trauma in an individual with a predisposing abnor- mality, such as abnormal development of the gubernaculum testis. A defi- ciency of either of these two enzymes leads to a disorder called orotic aciduria, which is characterized by orotate in the urine, abnormal growth, and megaloblastic anemia. An association is a pattern of nonrandom General Pathology Answers 113 anomalies with an unknown mechanism (e.